Vertical Handoff means handoff is between two network access points or Base Stations that uses the different network access technologies.
Steps of Vertical Handoff
1.System Discovery:
Mobile terminals equipped with multiple interfaces deploy a system discovery agent to determine which networks can be used and the services available in each network.
2. Handoff decision:
Based on several parameters like RSS, availability of free channel and service charges, the mobile devices determine which network it should connect to.
3. Handoff execution:
The connections are rerouted from the existing network to the new network in a seamless manner.
Input Parameters of Vertical Handoff process
1. Available Bandwidth (BAV): It is the amount of unused bandwidth of the candidate Base Station (BS) or Access point (AP).WLAN have greater bandwidth than cellular Network (UMTS).
2. Speed of mobile terminal (VMT ): It is the velocity with which the mobile terminal (MT) is moving. For high speed MT, UMTS is preferred because of greater coverage area.
3. Number of Users (UN): The QoS of WLAN is UN sensitive. As the number of users increase, the collisions increase and results in poor QoS.
4. Received Signal Strength (RSS): It is the strength of the signal received, as the RSS of the neighboring network rises above the threshold the Vertical Handoff is feasible i.e. the handoff takes place if and only if RSS of the BS or AP is above the threshold.
Handoff in ns2: (TCL scripts)
remove-all-packet-headers
add-packet-header MPEG4 MAC_HS RLC LL Mac RTP TCP IP Common Flags
set val(x) 1000
set val(y) 1000
set ns [new Simulator]
global ns
set f [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $f
set namtrace [open log.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)
#set f0 [open proj_simple.tr w]
proc finish {} {
global ns
global f namtrace
$ns flush-trace
close $f
close $namtrace
puts " Simulation ended."
exec nam log.nam &
exit 0
exit 0
}
#for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
# $ns initial_node_pos $n($i) 30+i*100
#}
#$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) setdest 76.0 224.0 30000.0"
#$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label node_0"
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ns set debug_ 0
$ns set hsdschEnabled_ 1
$ns set hsdsch_rlc_set_ 0
$ns set hsdsch_rlc_nif_ 0
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType rnc
# Node address is 0.
set rnc [$ns create-Umtsnode]
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType bs \
-downlinkBW 32kbs \
-downlinkTTI 10ms \
-uplinkBW 32kbs \
-uplinkTTI 10ms \
-hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \
-hs_downlinkBW 64kbs \
# Node address is 1.
set bs [$ns create-Umtsnode]
$ns setup-Iub $bs $rnc 622Mbit 622Mbit 15ms 15ms DummyDropTail 2000
$ns node-config -UmtsNodeType ue \
-baseStation $bs \
-radioNetworkController $rnc
# Node address for ue1 and ue2 is 2 and 3, respectively.
set ue1 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
set ue2 [$ns create-Umtsnode]
# Node address for sgsn0 and ggsn0 is 4 and 5, respectively.
set sgsn0 [$ns node]
set ggsn0 [$ns node]
# Node address for node1 and node2 is 6 and 7, respectively.
set node1 [$ns node]
set node2 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $rnc $sgsn0 622Mbit 0.4ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $sgsn0 $ggsn0 622MBit 10ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $ggsn0 $node1 10MBit 15ms DropTail 1000
$ns duplex-link $node1 $node2 10MBit 35ms DropTail 1000
$rnc add-gateway $sgsn0
set tcp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$tcp0 set fid_ 0
$tcp0 set prio_ 2
$ns at 0.0 "$node1 label Node1"
$ns at 0.0 "$node2 label Node2"
$ns at 0.0 "$ue1 label Umtsnode1"
$ns at 0.0 "$ue2 label Umtsnode2"
$ns at 0.0 "$bs label Base_Station"
$ns at 0.0 "$bs label Base_Station"
$ns at 0.0 "$sgsn0 label Node_1"
$ns at 0.0 "$ggsn0 label Node_2"
$ns at 0.0 "$rnc label Node_0"
$node1 set X_ 119.0
$node1 set Y_ 38.0
$node1 set Z_ 0.0
$bs set X_ 31.0
$bs set Y_ 35.0
$bs set Z_ 0.0
$node2 set X_ 138.0
$node2 set Y_ 3.0
$node2 set Z_ 0.0
$ue1 set X_ 7.0
$ue1 set Y_ 72.0
$ue1 set Z_ 0.0
$ue2 set X_ 66.0
$ue2 set Y_ 77.0
$ue2 set Z_ 0.0
$sgsn0 set X_ 71.0
$sgsn0 set Y_ 37.0
$sgsn0 set Z_ 0.0
$ggsn0 set X_ 101.0
$ggsn0 set Y_ 2.0
$ggsn0 set Z_ 0.0
$rnc set X_ 58.0
$rnc set Y_ 4.0
$rnc set Z_ 0.0
$ns attach-agent $rnc $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink0 [new Agent/Null]
$sink0 set fid_ 0
$ns attach-agent $ue1 $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
$ns node-config -llType UMTS/RLC/UM \
-downlinkBW 64kbs \
-uplinkBW 64kbs \
-downlinkTTI 20ms \
-uplinkTTI 20ms \
-hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \
-hs_downlinkBW 64kbs
$ns create-hsdsch $ue1 $sink0
$bs setErrorTrace 0 "/home/naveen/idealtrace"
$bs setErrorTrace 1 "/home/naveen/idealtrace"
$bs loadSnrBlerMatrix "/home/naveen/SNRBLERMatrix"
#set dch0 [$ns create-dch $ue1 $sink0]
$ue1 trace-inlink $f 1
$bs trace-outlink $f 1
#$rnc trace-inlink-tcp $f 0
# tracing for all hsdpa traffic in downtarget
$rnc trace-inlink-tcp $f 0
$bs trace-outlink $f 2
# per UE
$ue1 trace-inlink $f 2
$ue1 trace-outlink $f 3
$bs trace-inlink $f 3
$ue1 trace-inlink-tcp $f 2
#______________________________________________________________
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna type
set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer type
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue type
set val(ifqlen) 2000 ;# max packet in ifq
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# network interface type
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
set val(nn) 51 ;# number of mobilenodes
set val(rp) OPTG ;# routing protocol
set umtsflow "umtsflow"
set umts "umts"
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
#===========================================================================
create-god $val(nn)
#===========================================================================
set chan_1 [new $val(chan)]
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace OFF \
-channel $chan_1 \
-energyModel EnergyModel \
-initialEnergy 20 \
-txPower 0.09 \
-rxPower 0.08 \
-idlePower 0.0 \
-sensePower 0.0175
set n(0) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) color blue"
$n(0) color red
$n(0) shape "circle"
set n(1) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(1) color red"
$n(1) color red
$n(1) shape "circle"
set n(2) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(2) color darkgreen"
$n(2) color red
$n(2) shape "circle"
#-------------------
set n(7) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(7) color red"
$n(7) color red
$n(7) shape "circle"
set n(8) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(8) color red"
$n(8) color red
$n(8) shape "circle"
set n(9) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(9) color red"
$n(9) color red
$n(9) shape "circle"
set n(10) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(10) color red"
$n(10) color red
$n(10) shape "circle"
set n(11) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(11) color red"
$n(11) color red
$n(11) shape "circle"
set n(12) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(12) color red"
$n(12) color red
$n(12) shape "circle"
set n(13) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(13) color red"
$n(13) color red
$n(13) shape "circle"
set n(14) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(14) color red"
$n(14) color red
$n(14) shape "circle"
set n(15) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(15) color red"
$n(15) color red
$n(15) shape "circle"
set n(16) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(16) color red"
$n(16) color red
$n(16) shape "circle"
set n(17) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(17) color red"
$n(17) color red
$n(0) shape "circle"
set n(18) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(18) color red"
$n(18) color red
$n(18) shape "circle"
set n(19) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(19) color red"
$n(19) color red
$n(19) shape "circle"
set n(20) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(20) color red"
$n(20) color red
$n(20) shape "circle"
set n(21) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(21) color darkgreen"
$n(21) color red
$n(21) shape "circle"
set n(22) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(22) color red"
$n(22) color red
$n(22) shape "circle"
set n(23) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(23) color red"
$n(23) color red
$n(23) shape "circle"
set n(24) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(24) color red"
$n(24) color red
$n(24) shape "circle"
set n(25) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(25) color red"
$n(25) color red
$n(25) shape "circle"
set n(26) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(26) color darkgreen"
$n(26) color red
$n(26) shape "circle"
set n(27) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(27) color red"
$n(27) color red
$n(27) shape "circle"
set n(28) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(28) color red"
$n(28) color green
$n(28) shape "square"
set n(29) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(29) color red"
$n(29) color green
$n(29) shape "square"
set n(30) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(30) color darkgreen"
$n(30) color green
$n(30) shape "circle"
set n(31) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(31) color red"
$n(31) color green
$n(31) shape "circle"
set n(32) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(32) color red"
$n(32) color green
$n(32) shape "circle"
set n(33) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(33) color red"
$n(33) color green
$n(33) shape "circle"
set n(34) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(34) color darkgreen"
$n(34) color green
$n(34) shape "circle"
set n(35) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(35) color red"
$n(35) color green
$n(35) shape "square"
set n(36) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(36) color red"
$n(36) color green
$n(36) shape "square"
set n(37) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(37) color red"
$n(37) color green
$n(37) shape "circle"
set n(38) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(38) color darkgreen"
$n(38) color green
$n(38) shape "square"
set n(39) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(39) color red"
$n(39) color green
$n(39) shape "square"
set n(40) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(40) color red"
$n(40) color green
$n(40) shape "circle"
set n(41) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(41) color red"
$n(41) color green
$n(41) shape "circle"
set n(42) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(42) color red"
$n(42) color green
$n(42) shape "circle"
set n(43) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(43) color red"
$n(43) color green
$n(43) shape "circle"
set n(44) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(44) color red"
$n(44) color green
$n(44) shape "circle"
set n(45) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(45) color darkgreen"
$n(45) color green
$n(45) shape "square"
set n(46) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(46) color red"
$n(46) color green
$n(46) shape "square"
set n(47) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(47) color red"
$n(47) color green
$n(47) shape "circle"
set n(48) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(48) color red"
$n(48) color green
$n(48) shape "square"
set n(50) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(50) color darkgreen"
$n(50) color green
$n(50) shape "square"
set n(49) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(49) color darkgreen"
$n(49) color green
$n(49) shape "square"
#--------
set n(6) [$ns node]
$ns at 0.0 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 2.81 "$n(6) color green"
$ns at 2.82 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 2.83 "$n(6) color green"
$ns at 2.84 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 2.85 "$n(6) color green"
$ns at 2.86 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 2.87 "$n(6) color green"
$ns at 2.88 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 2.89 "$n(6) color green"
$ns at 2.90 "$n(6) color red"
$ns at 3.83 "$n(40) color green"
$ns at 3.84 "$n(40) color red"
$ns at 3.842 "$n(40) color green"
$ns at 3.845 "$n(40) color red"
$ns at 3.85 "$n(40) color green"
$ns at 3.86 "$n(40) color red"
$n(6) color red
$n(6) shape "circle"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label WLAN_NODE1"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(1) label WLAN_NODE2"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(2) label WLAN_BaseStation"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(50) label NODE"
$n(0) label-color black
$n(1) label-color black
$n(2) label-color black
for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {
$ns initial_node_pos $n($i) 10+i*10
}
$n(0) set X_ 58.0
$n(0) set Y_ 136.0
$n(0) set Z_ 0.0
$n(2) set X_ 34.0
$n(2) set Y_ 104.0
$n(2) set Z_ 0.0
$n(1) set X_ 0.5
$n(1) set Y_ 136.0
$n(1) set Z_ 0.0
$n(6) set X_ 6.0
$n(6) set Y_ 94.0
$n(6) set Z_ 0.0
$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) setdest 58.0 136.0 100000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(2) setdest 25.0 111.0 100000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(1) setdest 0.5 136.0 100000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(6) setdest 6.0 94.0 100000.0"
$ns at 2.0 "$n(6) setdest 46.0 76.0 100.0"
$ns at 2.6 "$n(6) setdest 46.0 66.0 10.0"
#---
$ns at 0.0 "$n(7) setdest 300.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(8) setdest 300.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(9) setdest 300.0 900.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(10) setdest 500.0 100.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(11) setdest 500.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(12) setdest 500.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(13) setdest 500.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(14) setdest 500.0 900.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(15) setdest 700.0 100.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(16) setdest 700.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(17) setdest 700.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(18) setdest 700.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(19) setdest 700.0 900.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(20) setdest 900.0 100.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(21) setdest 900.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(22) setdest 900.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(23) setdest 900.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(24) setdest 900.0 900.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(25) setdest 579.0 425.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(26) setdest 450.0 10.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(27) setdest 999.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(28) setdest 999.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(29) setdest 999.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(30) setdest 749.0 189.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(31) setdest 850.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(32) setdest 750.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(33) setdest 550.0 700.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(34) setdest 550.0 900.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(35) setdest 220.1 257.1 10000.0"
$ns at 4.4 "$n(35) setdest 51.1 91.1 100.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(36) setdest 400.0 10.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(37) setdest 649.0 500.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(38) setdest 419.0 610.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(39) setdest 349.0 300.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(40) setdest 150.0 100.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(41) setdest 250.0 400.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(42) setdest 350.0 550.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(43) setdest 450.0 750.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(44) setdest 550.0 950.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(45) setdest 314.1 135.1 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(46) setdest 550.0 50.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(47) setdest 784.0 372.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(48) setdest 649.0 750.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(49) setdest 749.0 450.0 10000.0"
$ns at 0.0 "$n(50) setdest 8.0 186.0 10000.0"
$ns at 4.0 "$n(50) setdest 30.0 147.0 100.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(8) setdest 100.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(9) setdest 100.0 100.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(10) setdest 700.0 300.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(11) setdest 700.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(12) setdest 500.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(13) setdest 300.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(14) setdest 300.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(15) setdest 700.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(16) setdest 900.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(17) setdest 500.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(18) setdest 500.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(19) setdest 300.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(20) setdest 900.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(21) setdest 900.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(22) setdest 700.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(23) setdest 100.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(24) setdest 100.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(27) setdest 999.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(28) setdest 999.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.1 "$n(29) setdest 999.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(30) setdest 950.0 100.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(31) setdest 850.0 300. 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(32) setdest 750.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(33) setdest 550.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(34) setdest 550.0 900.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(35) setdest 50.1 0.1 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(36) setdest 400.0 10.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(37) setdest 649.0 500.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(38) setdest 549.0 700.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(39) setdest 349.0 300.0 10.0"
$ns at 2.8 "$n(40) setdest 83.0 111.0 100.0"
$ns at 3.5 "$n(40) setdest 95.0 67.0 100.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(41) setdest 250.0 400.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(42) setdest 350.0 550.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(43) setdest 450.0 750.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(44) setdest 550.0 950.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(45) setdest 50.1 50.1 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(46) setdest 550.0 50.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(47) setdest 849.0 550.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(48) setdest 649.0 750.0 10.0"
$ns at 3.0 "$n(49) setdest 749.0 450.0 10.0"
#--
set sink9 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink10 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink11 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink15 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink16 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink17 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink18 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink19 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink20 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink21 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink22 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink23 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink24 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink25 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink26 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink27 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink28 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink29 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink30 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink31 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink32 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink33 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink34 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink35 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink36 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink37 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink38 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink39 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink40 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink41 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink42 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink43 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink44 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink45 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink46 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink47 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink48 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
set sink49 [new Agent/LossMonitor]
$ns attach-agent $n(0) $sink9
$ns attach-agent $n(1) $sink10
$ns attach-agent $n(2) $sink11
$ns attach-agent $n(6) $sink15
$ns attach-agent $n(16) $sink16
$ns attach-agent $n(17) $sink17
$ns attach-agent $n(18) $sink18
$ns attach-agent $n(19) $sink19
$ns attach-agent $n(20) $sink20
$ns attach-agent $n(21) $sink21
$ns attach-agent $n(22) $sink22
$ns attach-agent $n(23) $sink23
$ns attach-agent $n(24) $sink24
$ns attach-agent $n(25) $sink25
$ns attach-agent $n(26) $sink26
$ns attach-agent $n(27) $sink27
$ns attach-agent $n(28) $sink28
$ns attach-agent $n(29) $sink29
$ns attach-agent $n(30) $sink30
$ns attach-agent $n(31) $sink31
$ns attach-agent $n(32) $sink32
$ns attach-agent $n(33) $sink33
$ns attach-agent $n(34) $sink34
$ns attach-agent $n(35) $sink35
$ns attach-agent $n(36) $sink36
$ns attach-agent $n(37) $sink37
$ns attach-agent $n(38) $sink38
$ns attach-agent $n(39) $sink39
$ns attach-agent $n(40) $sink40
$ns attach-agent $n(41) $sink41
$ns attach-agent $n(42) $sink42
$ns attach-agent $n(43) $sink43
$ns attach-agent $n(44) $sink44
$ns attach-agent $n(45) $sink45
$ns attach-agent $n(46) $sink46
$ns attach-agent $n(47) $sink47
$ns attach-agent $n(48) $sink48
$ns attach-agent $n(49) $sink49
set tcp9 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(0) $tcp9
set tcp10 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(1) $tcp10
set tcp11 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(2) $tcp11set tcp15 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(6) $tcp15
set tcp16 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(16) $tcp16
set tcp17 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(17) $tcp17
set tcp18 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(18) $tcp18
set tcp19 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(19) $tcp19
set tcp20 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(20) $tcp20
set tcp21 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(21) $tcp21
set tcp22 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(22) $tcp22
set tcp23 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(23) $tcp23
set tcp24 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(24) $tcp24
set tcp25 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(25) $tcp25
set tcp26 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(26) $tcp26
set tcp27 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(27) $tcp27
set tcp28 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(28) $tcp28
set tcp29 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(29) $tcp29
set tcp30 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(30) $tcp30
set tcp31 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(31) $tcp31
set tcp32 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(32) $tcp32
set tcp33 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(33) $tcp33
set tcp34 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(34) $tcp34
set tcp35 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(35) $tcp35
set tcp36 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(36) $tcp36
set tcp37 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(37) $tcp37
set tcp38 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(38) $tcp38
set tcp39 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(39) $tcp39
set tcp40 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(40) $tcp40
set tcp41 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(41) $tcp41
set tcp42 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(42) $tcp42
set tcp43 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(43) $tcp43
set tcp44 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(44) $tcp44
set tcp45 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(45) $tcp45
set tcp46 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(46) $tcp46
set tcp47 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(47) $tcp47
set tcp48 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(48) $tcp48
set tcp49 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n(49) $tcp49
source umts
proc attach-CBR-traffic { node sink size interval } {
#Get an instance of the simulator
set ns [Simulator instance]
#Create a CBR agent and attach it to the node
set cbr [new Agent/CBR]
$ns attach-agent $node $cbr
$cbr set packetSize_ $size
$cbr set interval_ $interval
#Attach CBR source to sink;
$ns connect $cbr $sink
return $cbr
}
#======================================================================================
set cbr2112 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(0) $sink11 500 .03]
set cbr2113 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(14) $sink34 500 .03]
set cbr2114 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(44) $sink34 500 .03]
set cbr2115 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(17) $sink49 500 .03]
set cbr2116 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(32) $sink49 500 .03]
set cbr2117 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(31) $sink21 500 .03]
set cbr2118 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(29) $sink21 500 .03]
set cbr2119 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(47) $sink49 500 .03]
set cbr2120 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(36) $sink26 500 .03]
set cbr2121 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(46) $sink26 500 .03]
set cbr2122 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(30) $sink15 500 .03]
set cbr2123 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(20) $sink30 500 .03]
set cbr2124 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(42) $sink38 500 .03]
set cbr2125 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(13) $sink38 500 .03]
set cbr2126 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(41) $sink45 500 .03]
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr2112 start"
$ns at 0.192 "$cbr2113 start"
$ns at 0.167 "$cbr2114 start"
$ns at 0.1001 "$cbr2115 start"
$ns at 0.155 "$cbr2116 start"
$ns at 0.142 "$cbr2117 start"
$ns at 0.131 "$cbr2118 start"
$ns at 0.121 "$cbr2119 start"
$ns at 0.111 "$cbr2120 start"
$ns at 0.1911 "$cbr2121 start"
$ns at 0.2111 "$cbr2122 start"
$ns at 0.241 "$cbr2123 start"
$ns at 0.2 "$cbr2124 start"
$ns at 0.21 "$cbr2125 start"
$ns at 0.241 "$cbr2125 start"
#===================================================================================
$ns at 0.0 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 16.0 "$ftp0 stop"
$ns at 16.401 "finish"
puts " Simulation is running ... please wait ..."
$ns run
set val(rp) OPTG ;# routing protocol
ReplyDeleteis OPTG a routing protocol designed by yourself ? Should I design a new routing protocol and use it the smae way as OPTG if I want to conduct a simulation about handoff between UMTS and WLAN ?
Don't you mind to sent me awk script for handoff wlan & umts ?? My email adit.qwee@gmail.com.. Thank you :)
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
DeleteWhat parameters I have to pass while running the code ?
ReplyDeletegiving following errors
ReplyDeletesource umts - error
node out of range - error
help me to solve this problem
please tell how to configure eurane patch with ns2.34
Deletesolution for this problem please!!
ReplyDelete--- Classfier::no-slot{} default handler (tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl) ---
_o18: no target for slot -1
_o18 type: Classifier/Hash/Dest
content dump:
classifier _o18
0 offset
0 shift
2147483647 mask
0 slots
-1 default
---------- Finished standard no-slot{} default handler ----------
When I try to run script I get this error
ReplyDelete(_o3 cmd line 1)
invoked from within
"_o3 cmd create-Umtsnode"
invoked from within
"catch "$self cmd $args" ret"
invoked from within
"if [catch "$self cmd $args" ret] {
set cls [$self info class]
global errorInfo
set savedInfo $errorInfo
error "error when calling class $cls: $args" $..."
(procedure "_o3" line 2)
(SplitObject unknown line 2)
invoked from within
"$ns create-Umtsnode"
invoked from within
"set rnc [$ns create-Umtsnode] "
Please guide me how can I remove this error and run script successfully.
Have you installed the patches correctly?. Let me know your email id to discuss further.
DeleteFirstly, thank you so much for your response.
DeleteI have installed ns2 just on ubuntu and no other patches. Please guide me what patches are you to be installed and how to install them. Here is my email
nauroz_nausherwani@hotmail.com
When I try to run script I get this error
ReplyDelete(_o3 cmd line 1)
invoked from within
"_o3 cmd create-Umtsnode"
invoked from within
"catch "$self cmd $args" ret"
invoked from within
"if [catch "$self cmd $args" ret] {
set cls [$self info class]
global errorInfo
set savedInfo $errorInfo
error "error when calling class $cls: $args" $..."
(procedure "_o3" line 2)
(SplitObject unknown line 2)
invoked from within
"$ns create-Umtsnode"
invoked from within
"set rnc [$ns create-Umtsnode] "
Sir Naveen, may i ask which part consists of your handoff process?
ReplyDelete